BEYOND THE NUMBERS
House and Senate negotiators continue to work toward a bipartisan agreement to expand the Child Tax Credit, a proven policy for driving down child poverty and expanding opportunity, as part of a larger tax package.
As negotiations continue, policymakers should prioritize the 19 million children who currently get only a partial Child Tax Credit or none at all because their families earn too little. By focusing a Child Tax Credit expansion on these children who need it and would benefit most, policymakers would maximize the number of children the credit lifts above, or closer to, the poverty line.
TABLE 1 | |||||||
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Estimated Children Under 17 Left Out of the Full $2,000 Child Tax Credit, by State, Race, and Ethnicity | |||||||
State | Total | Latino | White | Black | American Indian or Alaska Native | Asian | Another race or multiple races |
Total U.S. | 18,662,000 | 6,595,000 | 6,009,000 | 4,274,000 | 576,000 | 498,000 | 872,000 |
(Of all children in racial/ethnic group, percent left out) | (27%) | (37%) | (17%) | (46%) | (39%) | (15%) | (26%) |
Alabama | 361,000 | 39,000 | 137,000 | 167,000 | 4,000 | 2,000 | 13,000 |
Alaska | 37,000 | N/A | 10,000 | N/A | 17,000 | N/A | N/A |
Arizona | 477,000 | 278,000 | 102,000 | 28,000 | 64,000 | 5,000 | 14,000 |
Arkansas | 233,000 | 37,000 | 112,000 | 68,000 | 5,000 | N/A | 10,000 |
California | 2,310,000 | 1,619,000 | 294,000 | 165,000 | 64,000 | 133,000 | 77,000 |
Colorado | 224,000 | 114,000 | 75,000 | 15,000 | 12,000 | 4,000 | 9,000 |
Connecticut | 144,000 | 68,000 | 35,000 | 28,000 | 3,000 | 4,000 | 7,000 |
Delaware | 48,000 | 11,000 | 14,000 | 19,000 | N/A | N/A | 2,000 |
District of Columbia | 41,000 | 5,000 | N/A | 34,000 | N/A | N/A | N/A |
Florida | 1,176,000 | 437,000 | 310,000 | 352,000 | 12,000 | 16,000 | 54,000 |
Georgia | 735,000 | 155,000 | 181,000 | 350,000 | 12,000 | 12,000 | 32,000 |
Hawai’i | 60,000 | 14,000 | 6,000 | N/A | N/A | 8,000 | 31,000 |
Idaho | 96,000 | 27,000 | 62,000 | N/A | 5,000 | N/A | 2,000 |
Illinois | 664,000 | 217,000 | 199,000 | 198,000 | 6,000 | 18,000 | 29,000 |
Indiana | 396,000 | 64,000 | 217,000 | 79,000 | 3,000 | 7,000 | 27,000 |
Iowa | 136,000 | 24,000 | 79,000 | 20,000 | 3,000 | N/A | 8,000 |
Kansas | 150,000 | 43,000 | 74,000 | 16,000 | 4,000 | 4,000 | 10,000 |
Kentucky | 304,000 | 24,000 | 216,000 | 42,000 | 2,000 | 4,000 | 17,000 |
Louisiana | 402,000 | 28,000 | 118,000 | 232,000 | 6,000 | 4,000 | 14,000 |
Maine | 49,000 | N/A | 41,000 | N/A | 3,000 | N/A | N/A |
Maryland | 245,000 | 54,000 | 56,000 | 110,000 | 3,000 | 9,000 | 15,000 |
Massachusetts | 243,000 | 101,000 | 81,000 | 32,000 | 4,000 | 13,000 | 14,000 |
Michigan | 579,000 | 67,000 | 285,000 | 172,000 | 14,000 | 9,000 | 35,000 |
Minnesota | 214,000 | 34,000 | 83,000 | 60,000 | 15,000 | 13,000 | 12,000 |
Mississippi | 269,000 | 13,000 | 75,000 | 168,000 | 3,000 | N/A | 7,000 |
Missouri | 350,000 | 31,000 | 205,000 | 81,000 | 7,000 | 3,000 | 25,000 |
Montana | 55,000 | 4,000 | 34,000 | N/A | 15,000 | N/A | N/A |
Nebraska | 88,000 | 28,000 | 39,000 | 9,000 | 4,000 | 3,000 | 5,000 |
Nevada | 184,000 | 94,000 | 37,000 | 32,000 | 6,000 | 6,000 | 12,000 |
New Hampshire | 39,000 | 5,000 | 30,000 | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
New Jersey | 373,000 | 165,000 | 93,000 | 85,000 | 3,000 | 14,000 | 15,000 |
New Mexico | 172,000 | 116,000 | 23,000 | N/A | 36,000 | N/A | N/A |
New York | 1,075,000 | 393,000 | 327,000 | 229,000 | 17,000 | 75,000 | 41,000 |
North Carolina | 654,000 | 161,000 | 205,000 | 225,000 | 22,000 | 11,000 | 32,000 |
North Dakota | 26,000 | N/A | 13,000 | N/A | 8,000 | N/A | N/A |
Ohio | 698,000 | 64,000 | 370,000 | 189,000 | 10,000 | 8,000 | 60,000 |
Oklahoma | 276,000 | 64,000 | 108,000 | 37,000 | 58,000 | 3,000 | 14,000 |
Oregon | 186,000 | 59,000 | 98,000 | 8,000 | 10,000 | 5,000 | 9,000 |
Pennsylvania | 632,000 | 143,000 | 280,000 | 151,000 | 9,000 | 17,000 | 35,000 |
Rhode Island | 45,000 | 21,000 | 14,000 | 6,000 | N/A | N/A | 2,000 |
South Carolina | 340,000 | 42,000 | 108,000 | 167,000 | 4,000 | 2,000 | 18,000 |
South Dakota | 45,000 | 3,000 | 18,000 | N/A | 23,000 | N/A | N/A |
Tennessee | 461,000 | 62,000 | 231,000 | 137,000 | 5,000 | 3,000 | 23,000 |
Texas | 2,120,000 | 1,380,000 | 322,000 | 322,000 | 21,000 | 40,000 | 48,000 |
Utah | 152,000 | 51,000 | 81,000 | N/A | 6,000 | N/A | 9,000 |
Vermont | 20,000 | N/A | 17,000 | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
Virginia | 367,000 | 63,000 | 133,000 | 133,000 | 5,000 | 10,000 | 25,000 |
Washington | 315,000 | 110,000 | 130,000 | 22,000 | 21,000 | 13,000 | 24,000 |
West Virginia | 123,000 | 3,000 | 103,000 | 7,000 | N/A | N/A | 8,000 |
Wisconsin | 250,000 | 48,000 | 115,000 | 57,000 | 11,000 | 7,000 | 13,000 |
Wyoming | 23,000 | 6,000 | 14,000 | N/A | 3,000 | N/A | N/A |
Notes: Children under 17 left out of the full $2,000 Child Tax Credit are eligible for less than the full $2,000 per child because their families lack earnings or have earnings that are too low. Figures are rounded to the nearest 1,000. N/A indicates reliable data are not available due to small sample size. Figures may not sum to totals due to group overlap, lack of reliable data in certain cells, and/or rounding. Percentages in the “Total U.S.” row represent the share of all children under 17 in that racial/ethnic group left out of the full $2,000 Child Tax Credit. Estimates reflect a pre-pandemic economy, using tax year 2023 tax rules and incomes adjusted for inflation to 2023 dollars. Individuals are classified as Latino (any race); white only, not Latino; Black only, not Latino; American Indian or Alaska Native alone or in combination with other races, regardless of Latino ethnicity (AIAN); Asian only, not Latino; or another race or multiple races, not Latino. Latino includes all people of Hispanic, Latino, or Spanish origin regardless of race. AIAN estimates are particularly sensitive to definition; AIAN figures here include those who share another race or ethnicity. (A total of 1.5 million children under 17 are identified as AIAN alone or in combination with other races, regardless of Latino ethnicity. If we apply the non-overlapping categories this report uses for other groups, about 520,000 children under 17 are considered AIAN alone, not Latino; an estimated 237,000 of these children are left out of the full Child Tax Credit.)
Source: Tax Policy Center national estimate for 2022 allocated by state and race or ethnicity based on CBPP analysis of American Community Survey (ACS) data for 2017-2019. Percentages listed in the U.S. total row are shares of the average 2017-2019 ACS population under 17 in each racial/ethnic group.